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Evidian > Products > SafeKit: Simple, Cost-Effective High Availability Software > Difference between High Availability and Fault Tolerance

Difference between High Availability and Fault Tolerance

Evidian SafeKit

What is the difference between high availability and fault tolerance?

Overview

This article explores the pros and cons of a high availability cluster versus a fault tolerant system by looking at hardware constraints, software failures, RTO, RPO...

The following comparative tables explain in detail the difference between a fault tolerant system and SafeKit, a software high availability cluster.

What is high availability?

A high availability cluster is based on two servers with restart of the critical application in the event of hardware or software failures. There are 2 types of clusters: hardware clusters and software clusters.

Hardware clusters are based on shared disks resulting in dependencies between servers and their connections to shared disk arrays.

Software clusters like Evidian SafeKit are based on real-time data replication and are hardware-agnostic: they can be deployed on physical or virtual servers or in the cloud.

What is fault tolerance?

A fault tolerant system relies on either specialized hardware or specialized hypervisor to detect a hardware failure and instantly switch to a redundant hardware component without application restart.

Fault-tolerant systems only deal with hardware failures and not software failures, by far the most common reason for system downtime.

Pros and cons of high availability and fault tolerance

Software high availability cluster

Active active high availability

Fault-tolerant system

Fault tolerance with lockstep CPU

Product
SafeKit on Windows and Linux Fault tolerant products
Hardware / hypervisor
No dedicated server, no dedicated hypervisor.

Works with the standard and free hypervisor of Windows, Hyper-V, included in Windows kernel for servers and PCs.

Works with the standard and free hypervisor KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) integrated in mainline Linux kernel.

Each server can be the failover server of the other one for multiple applications.

Dedicated hardware or dedicated hypervisor.

The secondary server is dedicated to the execution of the same application synchronized at the instruction level.

Software failure
Software failure supported with restart in another OS environment. Software exception on both servers at the same time on the same OS.
Smooth upgrage/fix of application and OS
Yes

Smooth upgrade/fix of application and OS possible server by server.

N and N+1 versions can coexist.

No

Same application and OS image on both servers.

RTO/RPO
The recovery time with SafeKit (RTO) depends on the time to detect and to restart the application (about 1 minute).

The data loss with SafeKit (RPO) is zero as the replication is synchronous.

The recovery time (RTO) of a fault tolerant system is zero.

The application is not restarted in case of failure and continue its execution on the secondary server.

The data loss (RPO) is also zero.

Flexibility
Can run on any type of server with standard Windows and Linux OS Depends on specific hardware or on specific hypervisors
Suited for
Software editors which want to add a simple high availability option to their application Environment where hardware failures is the main concern

Comparison of SafeKit with Traditional High Availability (HA) Clusters

How does SafeKit compare to traditional High Availability (HA) cluster solutions?

This comparison highlights the fundamental differences between SafeKit and traditional High Availability (HA) cluster solutions like Failover Clusters, Virtualization HA, and SQL Always-On. SafeKit is designed as a low-complexity, software-only solution for generic application redundancy, contrasting with the high complexity and specific storage requirements (shared storage, SAN) typical of traditional HA mechanisms.
Comparison of SafeKit with traditional High Availability (HA) clusters
Solutions Complexity Comments
Failover Cluster (Microsoft) High Specific Storage (shared storage, SAN)
Virtualization (VMware HA) High Specific Storage (shared storage, SAN, vSAN)
SQL Always-On (Microsoft) High Only SQL is redundant, requires SQL Enterprise Edition
Evidian SafeKit Low Simplest, generic and software-only. Unsuitable for large data replication.

SafeKit's Advantage in Application Redundancy

SafeKit achieves its low-complexity High Availability through a simple, software-based mirroring mechanism that eliminates the need for expensive, dedicated hardware like a SAN (Storage Area Network). This makes it a highly accessible solution for quickly implementing application redundancy without complex infrastructure changes.

SafeKit High Availability (HA) Solutions: Quick Installation Guides for Windows and Linux Clusters

This table presents the SafeKit High Availability (HA) solutions, categorized by application and operating environment (Databases, Web Servers, VMs, Cloud). Identify the specific pre‑configured .safe module (e.g., mirror.safe, farm.safe, and others) required for real‑time replication, load balancing, and automatic failover of critical business applications on Windows or Linux. Simplify your HA cluster setup with direct links to quick installation guides, each including a download link for the corresponding .safe module.

A SafeKit .safe module is essentially a pre‑configured High Availability (HA) template that defines how a specific application will be clustered and protected by the SafeKit software. In practice, it contains a configuration file (userconfig.xml) and restart scripts.

SafeKit High Availability (HA) Solutions: Quick Installation Guides (with downloadable .safe modules)
Application Category HA Scenario (High Availability) Technology / Product .safe Module Installation Guide
New Applications Real-Time Replication and Failover Windows mirror.safe View Guide: Windows Replication
New Applications Real-Time Replication and Failover Linux mirror.safe View Guide: Linux Replication
New Applications Network Load Balancing and Failover Windows farm.safe View Guide: Windows Load Balancing
New Applications Network Load Balancing and Failover Linux farm.safe View Guide: Linux Load Balancing
Databases Replication and Failover Microsoft SQL Server sqlserver.safe View Guide: SQL Server Cluster
Databases Replication and Failover PostgreSQL postgresql.safe View Guide: PostgreSQL Replication
Databases Replication and Failover MySQL mysql.safe View Guide: MySQL Cluster
Databases Replication and Failover Oracle oracle.safe View Guide: Oracle Failover Cluster
Databases Replication and Failover Firebird firebird.safe View Guide: Firebird HA
Web Servers Load Balancing and Failover Apache apache_farm.safe View Guide: Apache Load Balancing
Web Servers Load Balancing and Failover IIS iis_farm.safe View Guide: IIS Load Balancing
Web Servers Load Balancing and Failover NGINX farm.safe View Guide: NGINX Load Balancing
VMs and Containers Replication and Failover Hyper-V hyperv.safe View Guide: Hyper-V VM Replication
VMs and Containers Replication and Failover KVM kvm.safe View Guide: KVM VM Replication
VMs and Containers Replication and Failover Docker mirror.safe View Guide: Docker Container Failover
VMs and Containers Replication and Failover Podman mirror.safe View Guide: Podman Container Failover
VMs and Containers Replication and Failover Kubernetes K3S k3s.safe View Guide: Kubernetes K3S Replication
AWS Cloud Real-Time Replication and Failover AWS mirror.safe View Guide: AWS Replication Cluster
AWS Cloud Network Load Balancing and Failover AWS farm.safe View Guide: AWS Load Balancing Cluster
GCP Cloud Real-Time Replication and Failover GCP mirror.safe View Guide: GCP Replication Cluster
GCP Cloud Network Load Balancing and Failover GCP farm.safe View Guide: GCP Load Balancing Cluster
Azure Cloud Real-Time Replication and Failover Azure mirror.safe View Guide: Azure Replication Cluster
Azure Cloud Network Load Balancing and Failover Azure farm.safe View Guide: Azure Load Balancing Cluster
Physical Security / VMS Real-Time Replication and Failover Milestone XProtect milestone.safe View Guide: Milestone XProtect Failover
Physical Security / VMS Real-Time Replication and Failover Nedap AEOS nedap.safe View Guide: Nedap AEOS Failover
Physical Security / VMS Real-Time Replication and Failover Genetec (SQL Server) sqlserver.safe View Guide: Genetec SQL Failover
Physical Security / VMS Real-Time Replication and Failover Bosch AMS (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Bosch AMS Hyper-V Failover
Physical Security / VMS Real-Time Replication and Failover Bosch BIS (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Bosch BIS Hyper-V Failover
Physical Security / VMS Real-Time Replication and Failover Bosch BVMS (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Bosch BVMS Hyper-V Failover
Physical Security / VMS Real-Time Replication and Failover Hanwha Vision (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Hanwha Vision Hyper-V Failover
Physical Security / VMS Real-Time Replication and Failover Hanwha Wisenet (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Hanwha Wisenet Hyper-V Failover
Siemens Products Real-Time Replication and Failover Siemens Siveillance suite (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Siemens Siveillance HA
Siemens Products Real-Time Replication and Failover Siemens Desigo CC (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Siemens Desigo CC HA
Siemens Products Real-Time Replication and Failover Siemens Siveillance VMS SiveillanceVMS.safe View Guide: Siemens Siveillance VMS HA
Siemens Products Real-Time Replication and Failover Siemens SiPass (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Siemens SiPass HA
Siemens Products Real-Time Replication and Failover Siemens SIPORT (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: Siemens SIPORT HA
Siemens Products Real-Time Replication and Failover Siemens SIMATIC PCS 7 (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: SIMATIC PCS 7 HA
Siemens Products Real-Time Replication and Failover Siemens SIMATIC WinCC (Hyper-V) hyperv.safe View Guide: SIMATIC WinCC HA