High Availability Architectures Overview

Use high availability modules

A high availability module is a customization of SafeKit for an application. There are two types of modules: the mirror module with real-time data replication and failover and the farm module with load balancing and failover.

If you deploy a mirror module on 2 servers, then you create a mirror cluster and if you deploy a farm module on N servers, then you create a farm cluster.

Several application modules can be deployed on the same servers. Thus, advanced clustering architectures can be implemented like those presented previously (farm+mirror, active/active, N-1).

What is "Redundancy at the application level"?

In this solution, only the application data are replicated. In the event of a failure, only the application is restarted, not the entire operating system or VM.

SafeKit diagram for Application Level High Availability (HA): Illustrates synchronous replication of critical application data between active and passive servers, enabling fast application failover without needing a full VM restart.

Technical Requirements:

It requires a technical understanding of the application itself.
You must manually define:
- Which services need to be restarted.
- The specific application folders that need real-time replication.
- The configuration of a virtual IP address for failover.

Platform Compatibility:

This solution is platform-agnostic.
It works inside physical machines, virtual machines, or in the Cloud.
Any hypervisor is supported (e.g., VMware, Hyper-V, etc.).
More information: Windows, Linux

What is "Redundancy at the virtual machine (VM) level"?

In this solution, the full Virtual Machine (VM) is replicated, including both the Application and the Operating System (OS). In the event of a failure, the full VM is restarted.

SafeKit diagram for Virtual Machine (VM) Level High Availability (HA): Illustrates the full replication of the VM, including the OS and application, between two physical servers to ensure service continuity upon hardware failure.

Key Advantages:

It does not require a technical understanding of the application installed within the VM.
It is the best solution if you do not know how the application works.
You only need to define the location of the VM files.

Platform Compatibility:

This solution works with Windows/Hyper-V and Linux/KVM.
It does not support VMware for this type of redundancy.
This is typically an active/active solution where several virtual machines can be replicated and restarted between two nodes.
More information: Windows/Hyper-V, Linux/KVM

SafeKit HA Solutions and Quick Installation Guides (with preconfigured .safe modules)

How to Configure HA for Amazon AWS Cloud Services?

AWS (Real-time Replication and Failover - mirror.safe)
AWS (Network Load Balancing and Failover - farm.safe)

How to Configure HA for Google GCP Cloud Services?

GCP (Real-time Replication and Failover - mirror.safe)
GCP (Network Load Balancing and Failover - farm.safe)

How to Configure HA for Microsoft Azure Cloud Services?

Azure (Real-time Replication and Failover - mirror.safe)
Azure (Network Load Balancing and Failover - farm.safe)

Key differentiators of high availability at the virtual machine level or at the application level

Key differentiators of SafeKit vs Microsoft Hyper-V cluster and VMware HA

Key differentiators of a mirror cluster with replication and failover

Evidian SafeKit mirror cluster with real-time file replication and failover
3 products in 1 More info >	The SafeKit high availability software saves on Windows and Linux the cost of : external shared or replicated storage, load balancing boxes, enterprise editions of OS and databases SafeKit includes all clustering features: synchronous real-time file replication, monitoring of server / network / software failures, automatic application restart, virtual IP address switched in case of failure to reroute clients
Very simple configuration More info >	The cluster configuration is very simple and made by means of application modules. New services and new replicated directories can be added to an existing application module to complete a high availability solution All the configuration of clusters is made using a simple centralized web administration console There is no domain controller or active directory to configure as with Microsoft cluster
Synchronous replication More info >	The real-time replication is synchronous with no data loss on failure This is not the case with asynchronous replication
Fully automated failback More info >	After a failure when a server reboots, the replication failback procedure is fully automatic and the failed server reintegrates the cluster without stopping the application on the only remaining server This is not the case with most replication solutions particularly with replication at the database level. Manual operations are required for resynchronizing a failed server. The application may even be stopped on the only remaining server during the resynchonization of the failed server
Replication of any type of data More info >	The replication is working for databases but also for any files which shall be replicated This not the case for replication at the database level
File replication vs disk replication More info >	The replication is based on file directories that can be located anywhere (even in the system disk) This is not the case with disk replication where special application configuration must be made to put the application data in a special disk
File replication vs shared disk More info >	The servers can be put in two remote sites This is not the case with shared disk solutions
Remote sites and virtual IP address More info >	All SafeKit clustering features are working for 2 servers in remote sites. Replication requires an extended LAN type network (latency = performance of synchronous replication, bandwidth = performance of resynchronization after failure). If both servers are connected to the same IP network through an extended LAN between two remote sites, the virtual IP address of SafeKit is working with rerouting at level 2 If both servers are connected to two different IP networks between two remote sites, the virtual IP address can be configured at the level of a load balancer with the "healh check" of SafeKit.
Quorum and split brain More info >	The solution works with only 2 servers and for the quorum (network isolation between both sites), a simple split brain checker to a router is offered to support a single execution of the critical application This is not the case for most clustering solutions where a 3^rd server is required for the quorum
Active/active cluster More info >	The secondary server is not dedicated to the restart of the primary server. The cluster can be active-active by running 2 different mirror modules This is not the case with a fault-tolerant system where the secondary is dedicated to the execution of the same application synchronized at the instruction level
Uniform high availability solution More info >	SafeKit implements a mirror cluster with replication and failover. But it imlements also a farm cluster with load balancing and failover. Thus a N-tiers architecture can be made highly available and load balanced with the same solution on Windows and Linux (same installation, configuration, administration with the SafeKit console or with the command line interface). This is unique on the market This is not the case with an architecture mixing different technologies for load balancing, replication and failover
RTO / RPO More info >	SafeKit implements quick application restart in case of failure: around 1 mn or less Quick application restart is not ensured with full virtual machines replication. In case of hypervisor failure, a full VM must be rebooted on a new hypervisor with a recovery time depending on the OS reboot as with VMware HA or Hyper-V cluster

Key differentiators of a farm cluster with load balancing and failover

Evidian SafeKit farm cluster with load balancing and failover
No load balancer or dedicated proxy servers or special multicast Ethernet address More info >	The solution does not require load balancers or dedicated proxy servers above the farm for imlementing load balancing. SafeKit is installed directly on the application servers in the farm. The load balancing is based on a standard virtual IP address/Ethernet MAC address and is working with physical servers or virtual machines on Windows and Linux without special network configuration This is not the case with network load balancers This is not the case with dedicated proxies on Linux This is not the case with a specific multicast Ethernet address on Windows
All clustering features More info >	The solution includes all clustering features: virtual IP address, load balancing on client IP address or on sessions, monitoring of server / network / software failures, automatic application restart with a quick revovery time and a replication option with a mirror module This is not the case with other load balancing solutions. They are able to make load balancing but they do not include a full clustering solution with restart scripts and automatic application restart in case of failure. They do not offer a replication option The cluster configuration is very simple and made by means of application modules. There is no domain controller or active directory to configure on Windows. The solution works on Windows and Linux
Remote sites and virtual IP address More info >	If servers are connected to the same IP network through an extended LAN between remote sites, the virtual IP address of SafeKit is working with load balancing at level 2 If servers are connected to different IP networks between remote sites, the virtual IP address can be configured at the level of a load balancer with the help of the SafeKit health check. Thus you can implement load balancing but also all the clustering features of SafeKit, in particular monitoring and automatic recovery of the critical application on application servers
Uniform high availability solution More info >	SafeKit imlements a farm cluster with load balancing and failover. But it implements also a mirror cluster with replication and failover. Thus a N-tiers architecture can be made highly available and load balanced with the same solution on Windows and Linux (same installation, configuration, administration with the SafeKit console or with the command line interface). This is unique on the market This is not the case with an architecture mixing different technologies for load balancing, replication and failover

Key differentiators of the SafeKit high availability technology

Software clustering vs hardware clustering More info >
A simple software cluster with the SafeKit package just installed on two servers	Complex hardware clustering with external storage or network load balancers
Shared nothing vs a shared disk cluster More info >
SafeKit is a shared-nothing cluster: easy to deploy even in remote sites	A shared disk cluster is complex to deploy
Application High Availability vs Full Virtual Machine High Availability More info >
Application HA supports hardware failure and software failure with application checkers. Quick recovery time by restarting only the application (RTO around 1 mn or less). Application HA requires to define restart scripts per application and folders to replicate (SafeKit application modules).	Full virtual machines HA supports hardware failure and some software failures like a frozen VM. VM reboot on failure and recovery time depending on the OS reboot. No restart scripts to define with full virtual machines HA (SafeKit hyperv.safe or kvm.safe modules). Hypervisors are active/active with just multiple virtual machines.
High availability vs fault tolerance More info >
No dedicated server with SafeKit. Each server can be the failover server of the other one.Software failure with restart in another OS environment. Smooth upgrade of application and OS possible server by server (version N and N+1 can coexist)	Secondary server dedicated to the execution of the same application synchronized at the instruction level.Software exception on both servers at the same time. Smooth upgrade not possible
Synchronous replication vs asynchronous replication More info >
SafeKit implements real-time synchronous replication with no data loss in case of failure	With asynchronous replication, there is data loss on failure
Byte-level file replication vs block-level disk replication More info >
SafeKit implements real-time byte-level file replication and is simply configured with application directories to replicate even in the system disk	Block-level disk replication is complex to configure and requires to put application data in a special disk
Heartbeat, failover and quorum to avoid 2 master nodes More info >
To avoid 2 masters, SafeKit proposes a simple split brain checker configured on a router	To avoid 2 masters, other clusters require a complex configuration with a third machine, a special quorum disk, a special interconnect
Virtual IP address primary/secondary, network load balancing, failover More info >
No dedicated proxy servers and no special network configuration are required in a SafeKit cluster for virtual IP addresses	Special network configuration is required in other clusters for virtual IP addresses. Note that SafeKit offers a health check adapted to load balancers

VM HA with the SafeKit Hyper-V or KVM module	Application HA with SafeKit application modules

SafeKit inside 2 hypervisors: replication and failover of full VM	SafeKit inside 2 virtual or physical machines: replication and failover at application level
Replicates more data (App+OS)	Replicates only application data
Reboot of VM on hypervisor 2 if hypervisor 1 crashes Recovery time depending on the OS reboot VM checker and failover (Virtual Machine is unresponsive, has crashed, or stopped working)	Quick recovery time with restart of App on OS2 if crash of server 1 Around 1 mn or less (see RTO/RPO here) Application checker and software failover
Generic solution for any application / OS	Restart scripts to be written in application modules
Works with Windows/Hyper-V and Linux/KVM but not with VMware	Platform agnostic, works with physical or virtual machines, cloud infrastructure and any hypervisor including VMware

SafeKit with the Hyper-V module or the KVM module	Microsoft Hyper-V Cluster & VMware HA

No shared disk - synchronous real-time replication instead with no data loss	Shared disk and specific extenal bay of disk
Remote sites = no SAN for replication	Remote sites = replicated bays of disk across a SAN
No specific IT skill to configure the system (with hyperv.safe and kvm.safe)	Specific IT skills to configure the system
Note that the Hyper-V/SafeKit and KVM/SafeKit solutions are limited to replication and failover of 32 VMs.	Note that the Hyper-V built-in replication does not qualify as a high availability solution. This is because the replication is asynchronous, which can result in data loss during failures, and it lacks automatic failover and failback capabilities.

High Availability Architectures Overview

Evidian SafeKit

What are the different high availability architectures and the different software clusters with SafeKit?

Mirror cluster

Farm cluster

Farm+mirror cluster

Active/active cluster

N-1 cluster

How to build high availability clusters with SafeKit?

Use high availability modules

What is a module?

Plug and play deployment of high availability modules

What are the two primary choices for ensuring high availability and redundancy?

Technical Requirements:

Platform Compatibility:

Key Advantages:

Platform Compatibility:

SafeKit High Availability Differentiators

Evidian SafeKit mirror cluster with real-time file replication and failover

Evidian SafeKit farm cluster with load balancing and failover